Common aspects between pharisees and laodiceans

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19141/1809-2454.kerygma.v18.n1.pe1570

Keywords:

Pharisees, Laodicea, Jewish Literature, New Testament, Revelation

Abstract

The Pharisees appear in the New Testament in negative terms, due to the discrepancy between their teachings and their lifestyle. However, not all Pharisees had this issue, which seems to be supported by the Scriptures and Jewish sources. On the other hand, the Laodicean church is described with similar characteristics to the Pharisees. John mentions negative aspects of the members of this church, although some obey the call to repentance and are considered conquerors. This study will analyzes the origins of the Pharisees and the authority they believed they possessed to interpret the Scriptures, emphasizing their fundamental beliefs. Furthermore, the article explores the main characteristics of Laodiceans, considering the similarities between this church and the Pharisees.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Maicol Alejandro Cortes, Université de Lorraine, (França)

Doutor em judaísmo antigo e cristianismo primitivo pelo Trinity College Dublin, (Irlanda). Professor assistente em Literatura Judaica e Cristã Primitiva (Religião, Teologia e Estudos da Paz).

References

AUNE, David. Revelation 1-5. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1997. (Word biblical commentary, v. 52a)

AUNE, David. Revelation 17-22. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2016. (Word biblical commentary, v. 52c)

BAUMGARTEN, Albert. The pharisaic paradosis. The Harvard Theological Review, v. 80, n. 1, p. 63–77, 1987. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816000023518. Acesso em: 09 out. 2024.

BEALE, Gregory. John’s use of the Old Testament in Revelation. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.

BEALE, Gregory. The book of Revelation: a commentary on the greek text. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999. (New international greek testament commentary)

WAHLEN, Clinton. The letter to Laodicea and the eschatology of Revelation. Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, v. 29, n. 1, p. 1-11, 2018. Disponível em: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1590&context=jats. Acesso em: 09 out. 2024.

COHEN, Shaye. J. D. From the Maccabees to the Mishnah. 2. ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2006.

COLLINS, Adela. The combat myth in the book of Revelation. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2001.

DAVIS, John. Biblical Numerics. Grace Journal, v. 5, n. 3, p. 30–44, 1964. Disponível em: https://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/grace-journal/05-3_30.pdf. Acesso em: 09 out. 2024.

FINKELSTEIN, Louis. The Pharisees: Their Origin and Their Philosophy. The Harvard Theological Review, v. 22, n. 3, p. 185–261, 1929. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816000000523. Acesso em: 09 out. 2024.

FIORENZA, E. S. Composition and structure of the book of Revelation. The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, v. 39, n. 3, p. 344–366, 1977. Disponível em: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43714314?read-now=1&seq=8#page_scan_tab_contents. Acesso em: 09 out. 2024.

GOLDIN, Judah. The Period of the talmud (135 B.C.E.–1035 C.E.). In: FINKELSTEIN, Louis. (ed.). The Jews: their history, culture, and religion. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1960. v. 1. p. 115–215.

GOTTHARD, Deutsch. APIḲOROS. In: SINGER, Isidore. (ed.) The Jewish encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1901. v. 1. p. 665-666.

KAUFMANN, Kohler. PHARISEES (Φαρισαῖοι; Aramaic, “Perishaya”; Hebr. “Perushim”). SINGER, Isidore. (ed.) The Jewish encyclopedia. Nova York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1901. v. 9. p. 661-666. Disponível em: https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12087-pharisees. Acesso em: 11 out. 2024.

KOESTER, Craig. Revelation: a new Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014. (The Anchor Yale bible commentaries).

LIM, Timothy. Towards A description of the sectarian matrix. In: MARTÍNEZ, Florentino. (ed.). Echoes from the caves: Qumran and the new testament. Leiden: Brill, 2009. p. 7–31. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004176966.i-350.5. Acesso em: 09 out. 2024. (Studies on the texts of the desert of Judah v. 85).

MANDEL, Paul. Scriptural exegesis and the pharisees in Josephus. Journal of Jewish Studies, v. 58, n. 1, p. 19–32, 2007. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.18647/2702/JJS-2007. Acesso em: 09 out. 2024.

MCCREE, W. T. The covenant meal in the old testament. Journal of Biblical Literature, v. 45, n. 1/2, p. 120–128, 1926. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.2307/3260170. Acesso em: 09 out. 2024.

TAVO, Felise. The structure of the Apocalypse. Re-Examining a Perennial Problem. Novum Testamentum, v. 47, n. 1, p. 47–68, 2005. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1163/1568536053602622. Acesso em: 09 out. 2024.

Published

2023-11-20

How to Cite

CORTES, M. A. Common aspects between pharisees and laodiceans. Kerygma, Engenheiro coelho (SP), v. 18, n. 1, p. e1570, 2023. DOI: 10.19141/1809-2454.kerygma.v18.n1.pe1570. Disponível em: https://revistas.unasp.edu.br/kerygma/article/view/1570. Acesso em: 26 dec. 2024.

Issue

Section

Dossier on Religious Dynamics in the Biblical Context