Spirits in prison: a research on 1 peter 3:19

Authors

  • Alex Robson da Silva
  • Alexandre Catalano

Keywords:

hades, spirits in prison, antediluvian, fallen angels, Peter.

Abstract

The text of 1 Peter 3:19 has been interpreted in many ways. Some affirm that these “spirits in prison” are the souls of the antediluvian people that are in prison in the hades. Other see them as a reference to the fallen angels in prison to sin, or to some specific place. Finally, a third view proposes that the words “spirits in prison” are a reference to sinful people that were alive in the days of Noah. This study corroborates the third view, seeing the “spirits in prison” in 1 Peter as a reference to the antediluvian people, to whom Christ preached through the ministry of Noah. It is not a reference to dead soul locked in hades, neither to fallen angels, but to people who were alive but, because of their enslavement to sin, were unable to accept salvation in their time.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Allen, Clifton J. “I Pedro”. Comentário Bíblico Broadman. Editado por Ray Summers 3ª edição. Rio de Janeiro: JUERP, 1990. 12:190-195.

Apolinário, Pedro. Textos difíceis do Novo Testamento. Compilação feita pelo SALT. São Paulo: IAE, 1969.

Aquino, Tomas de., Sumas Teológicas. Sâo Paulo: Imprimitur Monsenhor Enesto de Paula, 1934. Vol. XXIV; 227-265.

Bawer, Walter - Grichisch – Danker. A Greek English Lexicon of The New Testament and. Other Early Christian literature. Publishing en The University of Chicago Press, 1957. 680-685.

Blum, Edwin A. “I Pedro”, The Expoxitors Bíble Comemmentary. Editado por Frank E. Gaebelein Grand Rapids. Mi: Zondervan, 1981 12:242-243.

Brow, Lothar Coenen Colin. “Espírito”. Dicionário Internacional de Teologia do Nova Testamento. Traduzido por Gordon Chow. 2ª edição. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 2002. 1:713.

Champlin, Russel Norman e João Marques Bentes. “Espíritos na Prisão. I Pedro”. Enciclopédia de bíblia teologia e filosofia. São Paulo: Candeia, 1991. 2:517-518.

Champlin, Russel Norman. O novo testamento interpretado São: Paulo: Hagnos, 2002, 6:139-152

Dockery, David d. S., ed. Manual bíblico São Paulo: Vida Nova, 2001.

Elwell, Walter A.. “Espiritos em prisão I Pedro. Enciclopédia histórica teológica da igreja cristã. Traduzido por E. F. Harrison Editado por Gordon Chown. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 1984. 2:72-75.

Hale, Broadus Davd. Introdução ao estudo do novo testamento..Traduzido por Cláudio Vital. São Paulo: Hagnos, 2002.

Harris, Ralph W.. “Pneuma (Classical Greek)”. The New Testament Greek-English Dctionary. Springfield, Missouri: The Complete Biblical Library, 1986. 15: 227-228.

Hulbbard, David A.. Espírito. Word Biblical Commentary. Vol. 1:49 Waco, Texas: Word Books Publisher, 1988. 205-211.

Metzeger, Bruce M.. The Greek New Testament. Nova Yorque: United Bible Societies, 1975. 794-798.

Michaels, J. Ramsey. Spírit. Word Biblical Commentary. Vl. 49. Waco, Tx: Word Books Publisher, 1988. 46.

Mueller, Enio R. I Pedro; Introdução e comentário. Série Cultura Bíblica. São Paulo: Mundo Cristão, 1988. 25.

Rice, George E. Una Esperanza viva. Traduzido por GastónClouzet. Buenos Aires: Associacion Casa Editora Sudamericana, 1992. 92-94.

Robertson, Archibald Thomas. Word Pictures in the NewTestament. Ground Rapids, Michigan: Baker House, 1933. 6:116-118.

“Spirits in Prison”[I Pet. 19:3]. Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary. Editado por F. D. Nichol Hageston MD: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1980. 7:574-576.

“The spirits in prison”. [I Pet. 3:19]. The International Bible Commentary. Editado por F. F. Bruce Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1986. 1558-1559.

Welch, W. Wilbert. A primeira epistola de Pedro. Traduzido por Yolanda M. Krievin São Paulo: Imprensa Batista Regular, 1978. 68.

Willians, Derek. “Hades I Pedro. Dicionário bíblico vida nova. Trad. Lucy Yamakami. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 2000, 151.

Downloads

Published

2006-11-15

How to Cite

SILVA, A. R. da; CATALANO, A. Spirits in prison: a research on 1 peter 3:19. Kerygma, Engenheiro coelho (SP), v. 2, n. 2, p. 34, 2006. Disponível em: https://revistas.unasp.edu.br/kerygma/article/view/294. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2006)

Section

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

License

Authors who publish on Kerygma must agree to the following terms:

  1. Once accepted for publication, the copyright of articles is automatically transferred to Kerygma.
  2. All material used in the text that is copyrighted by third parties must be duly referenced.
  3. Authors must also retain the reproduction rights of images and tables in their material, if necessary.
  4. The authors guarantee that the submitted text is entirely their authorship and has not been submitted and/or published elsewhere.
  5. The opinions, ideas and concepts expressed in the texts are the sole responsibility of their authors and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Kerygma;
  6. The editors reserve the right to make textual adjustments and adapt to the publication's norms.
  7. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International, which allows sharing of the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. This license allows others to remix, adapt, and build upon your work non-commercially, as long as they give proper credit to you and their new works are not used for commercial purposes. However, users are not required to license those derivative works under the same terms.
  8. The authors agree with the free reproduction of their material by Kerygma, which may adapt, modify, condense, summarize, reduce, compile, expand, alter, mix with other content, include images, graphics, digital objects, infographics and hyperlinks, illustrate, diagram, divide, update, translate and carry out any other transformations, requiring the participation or express authorization of the authors.
  9. The authors agree that Kerygma can distribute the articles through cable, fiber optics, satellite, airwaves or any other system that allows access to the user at a specific time and place, either by free channels or by systems that import payment. Kerygma may also include work in a physical or virtual database, archiving in printed format, storing on a computer, in a cloud system, microfilming and other current forms of archiving or that may still be developed, with or without profit.
  10. Authors are permitted to enter into separate, additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work in this journal (e.g., publishing it in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment in the new publication of its initial publication in this journal.
  11. Kerygma owns the rights to all works published by it. The full reproduction of these texts in other publications, for any other purpose, by any means, requires written authorization from the publisher. The same goes for partial reproductions, such as summary, abstract, portions with more than 500 words of the text, tables, figures, illustrations, etc.
  12. Authors are granted permission and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) at any point before or during the editorial process. This is because it can lead to productive alterations and increase the impact and citation of the published work. (See "The effect of open access and downloads ('hits') on citation impact: a bibliography of studies.")