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El objetivo es investigar la asociación entre la depresión, la ansiedad y el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis que incluyó estudios observacionales sin restricciones de fecha o idioma en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO y literatura gris, excluyendo cartas, editoriales, protocolos y resúmenes de congresos. Se aplicaron descriptores de DeCS, MeSH, Emtree y palabras clave relevantes. Tres revisores independientes realizaron análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos (odds ratio - OR y frecuencia) utilizando EndnoteWeb y el software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (modelo de efectos aleatorios, pruebas I² y Q de Cochran). Las herramientas del Joanna Briggs Institute respaldaron la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo, y se utilizó el enfoque GRADE para evaluar la solidez de la evidencia. Se incluyeron catorce estudios publicados entre 2008 y 2024, con un total de 471.104 participantes de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 41,2 y 66,6 años, y con una calidad metodológica de moderada a alta. Los hallazgos revelaron un aumento del 85% en la probabilidad de que las personas con depresión desarrollen ECV (OR = 1,85; IC del 95%: 1,47-2,33; p < 0,001; I² = 27%) y un aumento del 18% en la probabilidad de que las personas con ansiedad (OR = 1,18; IC del 95%: 0,84-1,67; p > 0,05; I² = 86%). La depresión y la ansiedad son factores psicosociales importantes que contribuyen significativamente al riesgo de desarrollar o empeorar enfermedades cardiovasculares.
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